
Astrology, the belief that the positions of celestial bodies—such as the stars, planets, and the moon—can influence human affairs and natural events, has captivated humanity for thousands of years. But the practice isn’t just rooted in astronomical observations and mathematical calculations; it’s also deeply embedded in mythology, symbolism, and spiritual beliefs. The mythic roots of astrology stretch back to ancient civilizations, where the sky was seen as a reflection of divine will, and the movements of celestial bodies were imbued with meaning and purpose.
Let’s explore the mythological origins of astrology, the gods and goddesses connected to celestial bodies, and how ancient myths shaped the astrological system we know today.
1. The Gods and Goddesses of Astrology
In ancient cultures, the celestial bodies were often personified as gods and goddesses, with each planet, star, and constellation having its own mythic story, characteristics, and influence on human life. Here’s a look at some of the major figures:
The Sun: Apollo and Ra
- Greek Mythology: In Greek mythology, the Sun was associated with Apollo, the god of light, healing, and prophecy. Apollo was often depicted driving a chariot across the sky, bringing light to the world. His influence is linked to creativity, vitality, and leadership—qualities that continue to be reflected in the astrological significance of the Sun in a birth chart.
- Egyptian Mythology: In ancient Egypt, the Sun was associated with the god Ra, the creator and ruler of the gods. Ra’s journey across the sky in his solar barque was a symbol of life and rebirth. He also represented the cyclical nature of time, just as the Sun’s rising and setting mark the passage of days.
The Moon: Selene, Artemis, and Chandra
- Greek Mythology: The Moon was personified by the goddess Selene, who was often depicted riding a chariot across the night sky. Her counterpart was Artemis, the goddess of the hunt and protector of women, who was also closely associated with the lunar phases. The Moon governs emotions, intuition, and the unconscious, which reflects the feminine, cyclical, and nurturing qualities seen in these goddesses.
- Hindu Mythology: In Hinduism, the Moon is represented by Chandra, a lunar deity who rides across the night sky in a chariot drawn by horses. Chandra is also associated with emotions, and his waxing and waning are seen as symbolic of the ebb and flow of human feelings.
Mercury: Hermes and Budh
- Greek Mythology: Mercury (or Hermes) was the god of communication, travelers, commerce, and thievery. Known for his speed and cunning, Hermes was the messenger of the gods. In astrology, Mercury governs communication, thought processes, and technology.
- Vedic Astrology: In Hindu astrology, the planet Mercury is associated with Budh, a god of wisdom and intelligence. Budh is often depicted as a youthful figure, representing quick thinking, analytical skills, and adaptability.
Venus: Aphrodite and Lakshmi
- Greek Mythology: The planet Venus is named after Aphrodite, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility. Venus rules over relationships, attraction, and harmony, and her mythological influence in astrology underscores themes of love, beauty, and pleasure.
- Hindu Mythology: In Vedic astrology, Venus is represented by the goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, beauty, and prosperity. Lakshmi’s association with Venus highlights the planet’s connection to material abundance and spiritual beauty.
Mars: Ares and Mangala
- Greek Mythology: The planet Mars is associated with Ares, the god of war. Ares was both feared and respected for his fiery, aggressive nature. In astrology, Mars represents action, drive, and assertiveness—qualities often linked with Ares’ warrior spirit.
- Hindu Mythology: In Vedic astrology, Mars is represented by Mangala, a fiery god of strength, courage, and warfare. Mangala’s influence in astrology ties Mars to themes of aggression, passion, and competitive drive.
Jupiter: Zeus and Brihaspati
- Greek Mythology: The largest planet in our solar system is named after Zeus, the king of the Greek gods. Zeus was associated with expansion, abundance, and wisdom, which aligns with Jupiter’s astrological associations with growth, good fortune, and philosophy.
- Hindu Mythology: In Hindu astrology, Jupiter is associated with Brihaspati, the guru of the gods, representing wisdom, knowledge, and spiritual guidance. Brihaspati’s influence in astrology underscores Jupiter’s connection to luck, learning, and moral principles.
Saturn: Cronus and Shani
- Greek Mythology: The planet Saturn is named after Cronus, the god of time and the father of many major gods in Greek mythology. Cronus was often seen as a figure of discipline, limitation, and authority, themes that are reflected in Saturn’s role in astrology. Saturn governs structure, hard work, and challenges, teaching lessons of patience, responsibility, and endurance.
- Hindu Mythology: In Vedic astrology, Saturn is known as Shani, a deity associated with justice, karma, and the consequences of one’s actions. Shani’s influence is often perceived as testing or punishing, but also as a force that ultimately brings wisdom through hardship.
Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto: The Modern Gods
- These outer planets are named after figures from more recent mythology, representing more abstract and modern concepts:
- Uranus: Named after the Greek god of the sky, representing rebellion, innovation, and awakening.
- Neptune: Named after the Roman god of the sea, representing dreams, illusion, and spirituality.
- Pluto: Named after the Roman god of the underworld, representing transformation, power, and the unseen forces of life and death.
2. Astrology’s Deep Mythic Roots
Astrology as a system is more than just an organized study of the stars—it’s a mythology in itself. The zodiac signs, the twelve divisions of the sky, are often tied to ancient myths that explore the qualities of each sign.
The Zodiac and the Myth of the Great Journey
The twelve signs of the zodiac each represent a different aspect of the human experience, each linked to a mythic archetype. The movement of the planets through these signs represents a cosmic journey—an odyssey that mirrors human growth, challenges, and the quest for meaning and self-awareness.
- Aries (the Ram): Linked with Ares, the warrior god, Aries represents new beginnings, courage, and the pioneering spirit.
- Taurus (the Bull): Associated with Aphrodite and Venus, Taurus represents stability, luxury, and earthly pleasures.
- Gemini (the Twins): Represented by Castor and Pollux, the twin brothers in Greek mythology, Gemini is connected to communication, duality, and intellectual exploration.
- Cancer (the Crab): Linked to the Moon and Selene, Cancer represents emotion, nurturing, and the connection to family and home.
- Leo (the Lion): Ruled by the Sun and associated with Heracles, Leo represents leadership, courage, and self-expression.
- Virgo (the Virgin): Associated with the goddess of harvest and demeter, Virgo represents service, health, and purity.
- Libra (the Scales): Connected to Aphrodite and the goddess of justice, Libra represents balance, relationships, and harmony.
- Scorpio (the Scorpion): Linked with Hades and Pluto, Scorpio represents transformation, passion, and power.
- Sagittarius (the Archer): Linked with Chiron, the centaur, Sagittarius represents freedom, philosophy, and the quest for truth.
- Capricorn (the Goat): Associated with Pan, the god of nature, Capricorn represents ambition, discipline, and the pursuit of long-term goals.
- Aquarius (the Water Bearer): Represented by the Titan, Prometheus, Aquarius represents innovation, humanitarianism, and rebellion against the established order.
- Pisces (the Fish): Linked with Neptune and Poseidon, Pisces represents spirituality, intuition, and the dissolution of boundaries.
3. The Role of Myth in Astrological Interpretation
The myths associated with the celestial bodies and zodiac signs are far from merely symbolic—they form the storylines that we continue to use in modern astrology to understand personal and collective experiences. Just as ancient mythologies used gods and goddesses to explain the workings of the world, astrology uses the planets and stars to explore the emotional, psychological, and spiritual journeys of individuals.
Conclusion: The Timeless Nature of Astrology and Myth
Astrology’s mythic roots are not just ancient stories—they’re timeless narratives that continue to shape how we understand ourselves and our place in the cosmos. The gods, goddesses, and celestial archetypes are not just relics of the past but living symbols that guide and inform our lives. By looking to the stars and understanding the myths that accompany them, we tap into a deeper cosmic wisdom that has been passed down through generations, offering us a map of our inner world and our connection to the universe.
Do you see astrology as a way to connect with these ancient myths, or do you have your own take on the power of the stars? Let me know your thoughts! 🌟✨